Introduction breast cancer is the second common cancer worldwide after the lung cancer, the fifth common cause of cancer death, and the major cause of cancer death in women 1. Breast cancer appeared by usually in the ducts, tubes that convey milk to the nipple, and lobules, organs that create milk. First, the scientific community is faced with conflicting and inconclusive results from past studies of some risk factors. Breast cancer remains the most common invasive cancer among women aside from nonmelanoma skin cancers, accounting in 2011 for an estimated 230,480 new cases among women in the united states and another 2,140 new cases among men acs, 2011. Due to the discovery of specific predictive and prognostic biomarkers, breast cancer therapy has been significantly promoted. There is a large variation in breast cancer survival rates around the world. Breast cancer is characterised by the uncontrolled growth of abnormal cells in the milk producing glands of the breast or in the passages ducts that deliver milk to the nipples. Pdf risk factors of breast cancer among women a sample. Breast cancer spreads when the cancer grows into other parts of the body or when breast cancer cells move to other parts of the body through the blood vessels andor lymph vessels. Clinical breast cancer is devoted to articles on detection, diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of breast cancer. A large clinical trial found that adding trastuzumab to standard chemotherapy for advanced. The thesis is presented that we need to revisit our fundamental beliefs about the disease and then ask why we cling to beliefs that clearly are no longer valid. Perceptions of breast symbolism, societal and personal, were explored, as were perceptions of the external portrayal of their. Breast cancer a guide for journalists on breast cancer and.
Breast cancer screening behaviours and outcomes in women with a family history of breast andor ovarian cancer in ontario. Research paper breast cancer awareness health essay. Screening mammography is the only method currently available for the reliable detection of early and potentially curable breast cancer. The number of women with breast cancer is increasing. Research paper on breast cancer 1439 words bartleby. Breast cancer is the second common cancer in women after skin. Therefore, previous breast cancer is an accepted risk factor for development of breast cancer. In study i, the risk of breast cancer in women with and without preeclampsia was studied using data from the swedish medical birth register and karma cohort.
It is the most common type of cancer among the women in the world and is the second most frequent form of cancer after the lungs cancer, which. Environmental risk factors associated with breast cancer. Research indicates that the mortality rate could decrease by 30% if. Research paper on breast cancer 1439 words 6 pages according to the american cancer society, each year, more than 200,000 women are diagnosed with breast cancer. Knowledge and practice of reproductive health among mothers and their impact on fetal birth outcomes. Some start in the glands that make breast milk lobular cancers. A female breast consists of fatty and fibrous connective tissues. Treatment via surgery is literally the removal of cancer tissue from breast and for this purpose. Among men, breast cancer is diagnosed 100 times per year. Established and suspected risk factors for breast cancer. Specifically, this thesis investigates how diseases in early adulthood influence the risk of breast cancer, and how overall health is affected by breast cancer treatment. The type of breast cancer is important in determining the most effective treatment approach. A few works have reported that the development rate of a tumour is. Breast cancer can be treated either by surgery, chemotherapy or radiation.
Pdf the most frequent cancer type in females in the western world is breast cancer, with a lifetime risk of the order of 110. Breast cancer is complex and likely caused by a combination of risk factors. Vinita rawat under my supervision for the fulfillment of the degree of doctorate of philosophy. I dedicate this noble and prodigious work to beautiful and. More than half of all cases of breast cancer occur among women without any known. University of groningen longterm side effects of adjuvant. In the current dutch medical practice breast cancer is listed as the most common cancer diagnosed in women being 28% of all cancers in women1. While both women and men can also get the breast cancer disease there is a cure with awareness to breast cancer. Association of breast cancer symptoms findings with the. Certificate this is to certify that the thesis entitled a study of psychosocial problems of cervical cancer patients and social work intervention submitted by ms. Breast cancers are malignancies, life threatening tumors that develops in one or both breasts. But having a risk factor, or even many, does not mean that you are sure to get the disease. Breast cancer accounts for onethird of all cancers in females and 24% of the patients are younger than 55 years of age. The paper also questions the role of ethics boards in hampering research and discusses the concept that breast cancer is an industry with vested interests involving profiteering by.
Breast cancer is the most common cancer and also the leading cause of cancer mortality in women worldwide. A lthough much has been learned about breast cancer and its relation to environmental exposures, much remains unclear. Bachelor thesis prediction models for breast cancer. In the mid 19th century the humoral theory of breast cancer was overturned by a mechanistic model which. June 16, 20 usefulresearchpapers research proposals 0. However, researchers have found factors that increase or decrease the chance of getting breast cancer. Research indicates that the mortality rate could decrease by 30% if women age 50 and older have regular mammograms. Martin clynes national institute for cellular biotechnology dublin city university 2009. This guide covers earlystage and locally advanced breast cancer, which includes stages i. Physical activity among breast cancer survivors sheree harrison bachelor of science psychology hons the university of newcastle a thesis submitted for the degree of master of applied science research school of public health and institute of health and biomedical innovation queensland university of technology february, 2008. A crosssectional study was performed among women aged between 50 and 69 years who had breast cancer screening during the period 20062010. The objective of this study is to identify the risk factors of breast cancer among women in baghdad, and to determine the significance of these factors in the development of the disease. There is no statistical significance between breast cancer and abortion although there is a link between lactation period and breast cancer. Breast cancer is a very common disease, and is the most common type of cancer in women, although it is not unheard of for a man to have breast cancer.
Breast cancer risk factors what affects your risk of getting breast cancer. Breast cancer is the most common type of cancer in women, it accounts for one of every three diagnoses in the united states. Breast cancer is the type of cancer which is characterized with the tumour which attacks the milk ducts. Thereare also other types of breast cancer that are less common. Young women with breast cancer study breast cancer than their older counterparts. Breast cancer is the leading cause of cancer death among women. The research work described in thesis was performed under the supervision of dr. Nursing theses and dissertations college of nursing. A small number of cancers start in other tissues in thebreast. Normal mammogram analysis a thesis submitted to the. T he prospect of developing breast cancer is a source of anxiety for many women. While you cant change some breast cancer risk factorsfamily. About one women in eight 12% of all women will develop breast cancer at some time in her life.
Most breast cancers begin in the ducts that carry milk to the nipple ductalcancers. The study aims to aware the women around the world on breast cancer and focuses mainly on the symptoms of the deadly disease and the measure that should be taken if one is diagnosed as a victim of the disease. The additional dose from radiation treatment katherine fricker bsc a thesis submitted in partial ful lment of the requirements for the degree of masters of science at the university of canterbury mphc 690 thesis 2012. Breast cancer detection with mammogram segmentation. Breast cancer is the most prevalent cancer in females worldwide and still the most common cause of death in women, with more than 327,000 deaths each year, every year there are 1.
As the preceding chapters have illustrated, this reflects a mixture of circumstances. Breast cancer and who it attacks a what is the disease and who it affects 1. Raceethnicity, subjective and objective sleep quality, physical and psychological symptoms in breast cancer survivors, pinky h. In 2009, herceptin, which is widely used to treat her2positive breast cancer, was proven effective in stomach cancer. Is there any association of breast cancer with abortion andor lactation period. View breast cancer diagnosis research papers on academia. Breast cancer screening behaviours and outcomes in women. Breast cancer is hormone related, and the factors that modify risk of this cancer when diagnosed premenopausally and when diagnosed postmenopausally much more common are not the same. Breast cancer possesses the highest incidence among cancers in women worldwide, accounting for approximately 26% of all cancers in women.
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